With the goal of promoting the technology of power electronics, CPSS TPEA is expected to be a favorable platform to strengthen information exchange in this area through publishing and disseminating research findings worldwide. Authors are cordially invited to submit your papers through the website.

The objective of this journal is to finish the 1st round review within 6 weeks from submission.

CPSS TPEA Vol.10 No.2 (June 30, 2025)

Regular Papers

Hardware Implementation of Sudoku, Optimal Sudoku, Sky-Scrapper, Novel Shade Dispersion and Magic Matrix Shifting PV Reconfiguration Techniques With MPPT Algorithm to Enhance Maximum Power

V. Chavan, S. Mikkili, and G. Kumar

Abstract This research paper investigates the performance of reconfiguration methods by integrating the MPPT algorithm. This study examines the performance of various PV array reconfiguration techniques based on power extraction, efficiency, and reliability. The effectiveness of reconfiguration methods has been evaluated through simulation, followed by hardware experimentation under partial shading cases. The methodology involves implementing and testing conventional TCT and other physical PV array reconfiguration methods by integrating the P&O MPPT algorithm with each reconfiguration method, and the performance of the combined system is evaluated under voltage and current curves, power extraction, MPPT tracking efficiency, and % steady state oscillations. Hardware experiments validate the proposed approach using a PV system prototype.

Space Vector Modulation Strategy for Common-Mode Voltage Suppression in the Reduced Switch Count Three-Level Inverter With Unbalanced Neutral-Point Voltages

Z. Chu, C. Qin, X. Li, J. Fang, L. Yang, and Y. Zhang

Abstract The reduced switch count three-level inverter (RSC TLI) has been proposed to save the system cost of the conventional three-level inverter. In some special applications, the RSC TLI should be operated with simultaneous lower common-mode voltage (CMV) and unbalanced neutral-point voltage (NPV) conditions. For this reason, this article further proposes a space vector modulation (SVM) strategy that fulfills the above requirements. First, the basic vectors with low CMV amplitudes are selected, and four basic vectors are employed to synthesize the reference vector and achieve NPV flexible control. The duty cycles of the employed basic vectors are obtained by a novel indirect method, and the appropriate switching sequences are designed to further reduce the current harmonic and keep lower switching losses. Finally, the separate control of capacitor voltages is achieved by using a closed-loop control approach to optimally regulate the duty cycles of different basic vectors. Compared with the conventional strategy, the proposed scheme can reduce the CMV magnitude by half and is applicable to unbalanced NPV conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness are verified by experiments.

Battery Cluster Fault-Tolerant Control for High Voltage Transformerless Grid-tied Battery Energy Storage System

X. Wu, S. Gao, Y. Liu, R. Li, X. Jiang, and X. Cai

Abstract The battery fault-tolerant operation is one of the important issues for such a large-capacity cascaded H-bridge converter-based battery energy storage system (BESS). Conventional redundant method by bypassing whole SMs at ac-side may lead to insufficient modulation ratio margin and waste the potential of healthy H-bridge part. First, the comparison of ac-side bypassing SMs with dc-side disconnecting cluster is made; and the concept of new battery cluster fault tolerance strategy is discussed. In order to give full play to the grid voltage support capability of the faulty module, a battery cluster fault tolerance operating control combining proposed fault-tolerant strategy and optimal zero sequence voltage injection is proposed in this paper. As a result, it can effectively enhance the capability of handling battery warnings and failure and is able to tolerate any number of faulty battery cluster modules. Besides, SOC balancing of healthy SMs and capacitor voltage balancing of faulty SMs are incorporated into control algorithm. At last, effectiveness of the proposed battery fault tolerance strategy is thoroughly verified in BESS of 10 kV/5 MW and 14 SMs per phase by MATLAB/Simulink simulations and hardware-in-loop experiment.

Multi-functional V2G Interface With Improved Dynamic Response for Shunt Compensation

A. J. Patel and A. V. Sant

Abstract This paper proposes a multi-functional vehicle-to-grid (M-V2G) interface based on the new fundamental active current (FAC) extraction method for shunt compensation (SC) with enhanced dynamic response. The M-V2G operates in four modes, namely (A) active power injection (API), (B) API and SC, (C) API and partial SC, and (D) SC. The proposed FAC extraction method involves processing the d-axis current of non-linear load through the cascaded band-stop filter. The resulting signal comprises a dc and an ac component with six times the fundamental frequency. For balanced currents, FAC is derived as the value of this signal sampled at the absolute peak value of its derivative. For unbalanced load currents, FAC extraction considers (i) the average of six consecutive samples, or (ii) inclusion of an additional BSF with a center frequency corresponding to the 6th harmonic is included. The second option provides a faster dynamic response. M-V2G interface is controlled based on the FAC and commanded API. The proposed technique ensures accurate FAC estimation without complex computations, as evident from the pseudo-code and experimental studies. Further, the experimental results confirm its effectiveness, feasibility, and practical viability. The M-V2G interface with the proposed FAC estimation scheme increases power quality and VA utilization of the V2G interface.

A Soft-Switching Control Method for Dual Active Bridge Converter Over the Full Power and Wide Voltage Regulation Range

Y. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Wan, T. Weng, J. Zhang, and Y. Cao

Abstract The dual active bridge (DAB) has been widely adopted in isolated DC-DC conversion applications due to its capability for bidirectional power transfer. Among the various control strategies for DAB converters, the triple-phase-shift (TPS) control is recognized for its effectiveness. In this article, a soft-switching control method based on TPS control is proposed, which is advantageous for enhancing the efficiency of the DAB converter over the full power and wide voltage regulation range. First, the twelve operating modes of the DAB converter are categorized. And then an innovative methodology is introduced, wherein the DAB converter is equivalently transformed into a four-switch buck-boost (FSBB) converter by decomposing the midpoint voltage waveforms on both the primary and secondary sides. On the basis of the equivalent circuit, a hybrid phase-shift control method based on the soft switching is proposed, which delineates the DAB converter into six operating modes. To secure smooth and seamless transitions between these modes, a unified univariate control method is presented, which is simple and readily implementable. Ultimately, a 2.5 kW prototype is constructed, and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated via the experimental results.

Research on Dead Time Optimization Characteristics of High-power Tri-phase LLC Resonant Converter

X. Huang, H. Bai, Z. Xue, Y. Zhao, W. Shi, and L. Zhao

Abstract Reasonable dead time is a prerequisite for realizing zero-voltage turn-on (ZVS) of IGBT in a three-phase LLC converter. At the same time, the operating temperature greatly affects the output capacitance characteristics of IGBT. When the operating temperature of the IGBT rises, it will result in the dead time that has been set is no longer appropriate, thus making the IGBT lose the soft-switching operating characteristics. To address this problem, the article analyzes the soft-switching realization conditions of the three-phase LLC converter and studies the relationship between the soft-switching realization and the dead time. The shutdown characteristics of IGBTs at different operating temperatures are analyzed. It is found that the higher the operating junction temperature of IGBTs in three-phase LLC resonant circuits, the more unfavorable it is to realize soft switching, and the formulas of the minimum dead time and the maximum dead time to ensure the zero-voltage turn-on of IGBTs at the worst operating temperatures are deduced. A 100 kW three-phase LLC converter prototype is constructed for verification. The soft switching can still be realized and the high efficiency can be maintained under the case of higher operating power, which verifies the accuracy of the dead time optimization design.

Mutual Inductance Calculation of Rectangular Coils With Convex Torus Finite Magnetic Shields in Wireless Power Transfer

Z. Li, Q. Zhang, L. Kong, C. Hu, S. Huang

Abstract Mutual inductance is one of the critical parameters of wireless power transfer systems, and the accurate calculation of mutual inductance is considered an essential theoretical basis for designing and optimizing wireless power transfer systems. However, the problem of calculating the mutual inductance of a bilateral bounded magnetically shielded rectangular coil with a convex toroid still needs to be solved. Therefore, this article proposes a spatial boundary separation analysis method and derives vector magnetic potential expressions for each region with convex toroidal magnetic shielding structure using the double Fourier transform and Maxwell’s equations. The mutual inductance calculation formula under the spatial position are obtained using boundary conditions and spatial geometric relationships. In contrast to traditional approximation methods, the mutual inductance calculation method of this article permits an accurate numerical solution for the mutual inductance between rectangular coils. The 4.69% difference between calculated and experimental mutual inductance values confirms the accuracy of the computational method in this research. The proposed model of this article matches the transmission efficiency of the conventional rectangular disc coil at over 97% for the same specifications and reduces material usage by 11.12%.

Static Identification of Inductance Parameters and Initial Rotor Position in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

L. Guo, C. Lian, G. Xu, J. Liu, X. Tang, and K. Wang

Abstract Accurate determination of inductance parameters and rotor initial position is of paramount importance in ensuring optimal control accuracy and stability in the context of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper proposes a novel static identification method for both the inductance parameters and rotor initial position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, to achieve simultaneous identification of both parameters. The method involves the injection of high-frequency quadrature voltage signals into the motor, followed by the decomposition of the high-frequency response current using the recursive least squares method. This results in the identification of the motor inductance parameters and rotor initial position, based on the outcomes of the motor rotor polarity identification. Compared with traditional methods, this approach has the advantages of eliminating the delay effect of digital system sampling and control, and of not requiring filters to demodulate the high-frequency response current. Furthermore, the identification results are less affected by the nonlinearity of the inverter. Both simulation and experimental validation support the validity of the method. The experimental results demonstrate that the errors between the identified values of the inductance of the cross and straight axes and the design value are 0.15% and 0.97%, respectively. Additionally, the deviation between the identified results and the actual value of the initial position of the rotor is 1.76°, indicating a high level of identification accuracy.

Simulation and Analysis of Core Losses Under High-Frequency PWM Wave Voltage Excitations

Z. Fu, J. Wang, J. Xiao, and W. Chen

Abstract The core losses quantification of magnetic components with geometrically diverse cores for power converters remains a challenge and an area of active research. By using finite element analysis software Ansys Maxwell, a simulation method for core losses calculation under PWM voltage excitation is proposed based on the Modified Steinmetz Equation (MSE) in this paper. The magnetic properties measurement and model of core material are specified, which are basis of core losses simulation. Furthermore, the work conducts a comprehensive error analysis to identify primary sources of simulation inaccuracies, accompanied by targeted mitigation strategies. To validate the methodology, core losses of a ferrite EE shaped core are simulated and subsequently compared with experimental measurements acquired through the DC power method. The close agreement between simulated and empirical results demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed methodology.

Accurate Calculation of Parasitic Capacitance of High Frequency Inductors

J. Tu, K. Fu, W. Chen, and Y. Qiu

Abstract High-frequency inductors are important devices in power converters. The parasitic capacitance not only affects the electromagnetic interference suppression effect of filter inductors, but also causes efficiency degradation and other problems. In order to predict the impedance characteristics of high-frequency inductors, this paper proposes a method to accurately calculate the parasitic capacitance of inductors. Firstly, the effect of the winding structure parameters on the electric field distribution between adjacent turns is investigated. Then, the calculation method is optimized, which can be used to accurately describe the electric field distribution. Secondly, the effect of core parasitic capacitance on the total capacitance is further investigated. Finally, a calculation method for the parasitic capacitance of high-frequency inductors is established. In the experiments, the impedance test and finite element simulation are used as references to compare the calculation results. The maximum calculation error is only within 5.05%, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the proposed calculation method.

High Voltage Gain Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Supercapacitor Assisted Electric Vehicles: A Review

Ankit Kumar Singh; Anjanee Kumar Mishra; Krishna Kumar Gupta; Yam P. Siwakoti

LLC and CLLC resonant converters based DC transformers (DCXs): Characteristics, issues, and solutions

Yuqi Wei; Quanming Luo; Homer Alan Mantooth

A Review of Magnetic Core Materials, Core Loss Modeling and Measurements in High-Power High-Frequency Transformers

Zenong Li;Weijian Han;Zhen Xin;Qing Liu;Jianliang Chen;Poh Chiang Loh

A review of SiC power module packaging: Layout, material system and integration

Cai Chen;Fang Luo;Yong Kang

Critical Review of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Topologies: Communication, Power Flow Characteristics, Challenges, and Opportunities

Gaurav Kumar; Suresh Mikkili

Overview of Voltage Regulator Modules in 48 V Bus-Based Data Center Power Systems

Jiawei Liang; Liang Wang; Minfan Fu; Junrui Liang; Haoyu Wang

A novel model predictive current control with reduced computational burden based on discrete space vector modulation for PMSM drives

Jun Sun;Yong Yang;Jiefeng Hu;Xinan Zhang;Xinghe Li;Jose Rodriguez

A SiC-Based Liquid-Cooled Electric Vehicle Traction Inverter Operating at High Ambient Temperature

Chi Zhang;Srdjan Srdic;Srdjan Lukic;Keyao Sun;Jun Wang;Rolando Burgos

Review of GaN totem-pole bridgeless PFC

Qingyun Huang;Alex Q. Huang

A new high gain DC-DC converter with model-predictive-control based MPPT technique for photovoltaic systems