With the goal of promoting the technology of power electronics, CPSS TPEA is expected to be a favorable platform to strengthen information exchange in this area through publishing and disseminating research findings worldwide. Authors are cordially invited to submit your papers through the website.

The objective of this journal is to finish the 1st round review within 6 weeks from submission.

CPSS TPEA Vol.10 No.4 (December 30, 2025)

Regular Papers

Improved Transformer-Less Grid-Connected PV Inverter with CCMV for Enhanced Efficiency

A. A. Desai and S. Mikkili

Abstract This paper introduces a new inverter design known as “Novel H6 inverter” with six switches to address the challenges related to common mode voltage fluctuations, leakage current, conduction losses and efficiency in a grid connected inverter that does not use transformer. Its working and performance is further compared with prevailing inverters without transformer, namely H5, H6-I, H6-II, and HERIC. The focus is on evaluating the common mode voltage and common mode current produced by these inverters. All five inverters are modelled on MATLAB/Simulink platform and a comparative study based on simulation outcome is carried out. Subsequently, the simulation results are confirmed through practical implementation on hardware prototype. The hardware validation provides concrete evidence of the proposed inverter’s performance and serves to enhance the credibility of the study’s conclusions.

From Frontier Research Progress to Education: Using Series-End Winding Motor Drives as Example

D. Jiang, Z. Liu, M. Zhou, L. Zhang, W.i Sun, and W. Xu

Abstract Capable and highly motivated engineering students are constantly on the lookout for opportunities to engage in cutting-edge research. However, effectively translating the progress made in such research into educational content presents a formidable challenge for both researchers and educators alike. An example of Google Little Box Challenge by university team is introduced at first. Then, this article endeavors to showcase an attempt at integrating the latest research advancements in the domains of power electronics and motor drives into education, with the innovative series-end winding motor drives (SWMD) serving as a prime illustration. Recent breakthroughs in topology, control algorithms, and reliability have been swiftly adopted by students in the development of high-performance drives for applications such as drones, electric vehicles, and magnetic bearings. These efforts have culminated in remarkable achievements and significant milestones in various competitions. This study proposes a methodology for bridging the gap between recent research progress and education, particularly tailored to meet the needs of students possessing strong capabilities and intrinsic motivation. The case study centered around the novel SWMD not only elucidates the educational approach but also demonstrates its tangible outcomes as manifested through diverse student contest implementations.

Data-Driven Control of Electrical Drives: A Deep Reinforcement Learning with Feature Embedding

X. Liu, D. Jiang, and C. Liu

Abstract Classical model-based control solutions dominated the research field of numerous electrical drives applications in the past forming a strong basis, since they usually result in control approaches with excellent performance. However, the design of these controllers strongly depends on the available knowledge of the controlled plant, which often leads to the lack of robustness owing to model-dependent nature. To take account of the defect, this work aims to provide a control framework that combines intelligent data-driven-based control protocol with the deep reinforcement learning technique for electrical drives. Specifically, the two key features of this developed control framework that, first, a data-driven control architecture along with deep reinforcement learning technique that embedding the features of the agents’ inputs is developed to enhance the performance, second, the environment for the current agent is reformulated so as to avoid mutual interference between the two agents (controllers) in training for both speed and current in a dual-loop system. Finally, we demonstrate our solution and highlight its superiority on a case study, and the results presented are promising and motivate further research in this field.

Calculation Method of Coupling Coefficient for Circular Coils with Bilateral Double-Layer Bounded Magnetic Shielding

P. Gui, Z. Lin, and Z. Li

Abstract The calculation of coupling coefficient between coils is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. For bilateral double-layer bounded magnetic shielding circular coils under horizontal displacement conditions, the accurate calculation of coupling coefficients currently relies mainly on time-consuming large-scale finite element simulations. To address this problem, the coupling model is divided into subregions using boundary conditions, the magnetic vector potential in each region is solved through Maxwell’s equations, and a formula for the coupling coefficient of coaxial double-layer bounded magnetically shielded circular coils is derived. Additionally, a double-layer boundary vector-equivalence method is proposed, and the coupling coefficient formula for a circular coil with bilateral double-layer bounded magnetic shielding under horizontal offset is derived using spatial geometric relationships. The reliability of the proposed method is corroborated by the calculated, simulated, and laboratory-obtained values. The errors between calculated and simulated values are not more than 3.95%, and between calculated and laboratory-obtained values are not more than 4.51%, which confirms the accuracy of the proposed method. Furthermore, a significant computational speed advantage is demonstrated by the proposed method compared to simulation.

Minimizing Power Loss of Hybrid Quadra Tied Solar PV Arrays Using Cuckoo Search MPPT Algorithm During Shading Scenarios

A. Bhattacharjee and S. Mikkili

Abstract This study assists in selecting the appropriate solar photovoltaic (SPV) array configuration and metaheuristic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to minimise power loss in rooftop SPV systems resulting from partial shading conditions (PSCs) caused by tall adjacent buildings in urban environments. A hybrid SPV array configuration, termed alternate-quadra tied-cross tied (A-QT-CT), that integrates quadra tied (QT) and total cross tied (TCT) configurations is proposed. This configuration is designed to provide maximum power extraction comparable to the best performing TCT configuration, while incorporating a reduced number of cross-links. Simulations were conducted utilising MATLAB to evaluate the performance of these configurations in the context of typical PSCs found in urban environments. This evaluation includes a comparative analysis with the established TCT, series-parallel (SP), bridge linked-TCT (BL-TCT), and SP-TCT configurations. The proposed configurations are integrated with Perturb & Observe (P&O), Cuckoo Search (CS), and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) MPPT techniques. These algorithms were evaluated under PSCs using MATLAB simulations, as well as a hardware model implemented with the Texas Instruments TMS320F28379D microcontroller. The time required to track the MPP and the steady-state MPPT efficiency are assessed. The combination of the CS MPPT method with A-QT-CT and TCT configurations has been identified as the optimal solution for minimising power loss in this application.

Low- and High-Speed Control Strategy for PMSM Drive System Based on MMC

J. Zhao, S. Huang, and Y. Xing

Abstract This paper proposes a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based control strategy for high-power permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), covering both low- and high-speed ranges in electric vehicle applications. Specifically, an improved hybrid injection method based on phase voltage harmonics is introduced. The injection waveform is optimized considering the common-mode voltage, high-frequency circulating current, and phase voltage to minimize capacitor voltage fluctuations. In addition, a novel quasi-proportional-resonant (quasi-PR) controller based on an enhanced filter is developed to mitigate circulating current issues. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid injection method effectively suppresses capacitor voltage fluctuations, reduces bridge-arm current amplitude, and improves system stability. Furthermore, the proposed quasi-PR controller achieves lower circulating current and further enhances system robustness and disturbance rejection capability.

Adaptive Gain Changer for Precise Passivity Theory Controlled IM-DC Motor System for FEV Application

A. R. V. K. and P. Valsalal

Abstract A passivity based control (PBC) technique is implemented for boost converter and inverter fed to induction motor coupled with DC motor. The boost converter has the advantage of giving high output voltage with less switching losses due to low operating voltage of MOSFET and low operating duty cycle. For gain optimization a feedback loop have been designed and implemented in this paper. It is found that feedback loop efficiency contributes to dynamic error detection and thereby reducing transient settling time of controller. The inverter provide reference speed to induction motor having motor torque and, load torque is applied through DC motor. The exact tracking error dynamics passive output feedback control is selected among PBC techniques as it satisfies exponential stability criteria. The system tracks the variation in speed and torque for few seconds and is verified by MATLAB/Simulink as well as field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) controller in hardware platforms.

A No-Reconstruction Fault-Tolerant Control Method for Open-Switch Faults in Standard IM Drives

L. Wang, Y. She, Y. Song, W. Wang, and Z. Wu

Abstract The power switch faults in standard two-level three-phase inverter-fed motor drives cause severe speed oscillation, and decline the system stability. The fault-tolerant methods which require topology reconstruction have the disadvantages of additional cost and unreliability. It is of great significance to study the no-reconstruction fault-tolerant (NFT) method, which only changes the control algorithm. In this paper, a novel NFT method is proposed for induction motor (IM) drive, which consists of the two-mode control algorithm and the algorithm transition strategy. In the healthy mode, conventional model predictive flux control (MPFC) is adopted; in the tolerant mode, a novel MPFC algorithm is proposed to eliminate the effect of the fault power switch by setting the reference fault phase current as zero. The two modes alternate in each current cycle. An algorithm transition strategy is proposed for the smooth transition of two modes, which has the ability to revert to healthy operation even if misdiagnoses occur. The proposed NFT method can significantly reduce the speed oscillation after the fault occurs, and experiment results verify its effectiveness.

A Novel Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in the Hybrid Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Three-Level Inverter with Balanced and Unbalanced DC-Links 

C. Hou, D. Jia, C. Qin, X. Li, and J. Li

Abstract The hybrid active neutral-point-clamped (HANPC) three-level inverter (TLI) requires much less SiC MOSFETs than a full-SiC ANPC TLI while providing comparable power density. Therefore, the HANPC TLI is an ideal solution for balancing performance and cost. However, excessive common-mode voltage (CMV) amplitudes are observed in conventional modulation methods, especially under unbalanced DC-links. This paper presents a CMV reduction method for the HANPC TLI with balanced and unbalanced DC-links. The scheme employs real-time sampling of photovoltaic array voltages on the DC side, followed by dynamic updates to the space vector diagram (SVD). Due to its inherent advantage of low CMV, zero vector and medium vectors are selected for reference vector synthesis. According to the position of the medium vectors in the updated SVD, the duty cycles are recalculated to ensure the output current quality. Furthermore, switching sequences are optimized through five-segment symmetrical patterning, ensuring minimal switching actions in power devices. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that this modulation method effectively reduces both the magnitude and root-mean-square (RMS) value of CMV while ensuring that SiC MOSFETs and Si IGBTs operate at high and low frequencies, respectively. The hardware-in-loop (HIL) tests validate the efficacy of the proposed modulation strategy.

Duty Cycle Control Set Model Predictive DC-Link Voltage Control Method for PMSM Film-Capacitor-Driven System

Z. Zhang, J. Xu, X. Wang, and Q. Zhang

Abstract This paper proposes a robust duty cycle control set model predictive DC-link voltage control (DCS-MPDVC) to suppress the DC-link voltage oscillations in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) film-capacitor drive system. This method applies an extended state observer (ESO) to suppress unmodeled disturbances and parameter variations and estimate the inductor current of the inverter. Subsequently, to ensure the constraint accuracy of the dq-axis current and DC-link voltage, a discrete duty cycle control set is constructed to reduce the prediction error within each control cycle. In addition, a sector judgment mechanism for voltage vector selection is introduced to reduce the computational complexity while maintaining the control performance. The proposed control strategy is experimentally verified on a film-capacitor hardware test platform using DSP, demonstrating the effectiveness of DCS-MPDVC in suppressing the DC-link voltage and optimizing the computational efficiency.

High Voltage Gain Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Supercapacitor Assisted Electric Vehicles: A Review

Ankit Kumar Singh; Anjanee Kumar Mishra; Krishna Kumar Gupta; Yam P. Siwakoti

LLC and CLLC resonant converters based DC transformers (DCXs): Characteristics, issues, and solutions

Yuqi Wei; Quanming Luo; Homer Alan Mantooth

A Review of Magnetic Core Materials, Core Loss Modeling and Measurements in High-Power High-Frequency Transformers

Zenong Li;Weijian Han;Zhen Xin;Qing Liu;Jianliang Chen;Poh Chiang Loh

A review of SiC power module packaging: Layout, material system and integration

Cai Chen;Fang Luo;Yong Kang

Critical Review of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Topologies: Communication, Power Flow Characteristics, Challenges, and Opportunities

Gaurav Kumar; Suresh Mikkili

Overview of Voltage Regulator Modules in 48 V Bus-Based Data Center Power Systems

Jiawei Liang; Liang Wang; Minfan Fu; Junrui Liang; Haoyu Wang

A novel model predictive current control with reduced computational burden based on discrete space vector modulation for PMSM drives

Jun Sun;Yong Yang;Jiefeng Hu;Xinan Zhang;Xinghe Li;Jose Rodriguez

A SiC-Based Liquid-Cooled Electric Vehicle Traction Inverter Operating at High Ambient Temperature

Chi Zhang;Srdjan Srdic;Srdjan Lukic;Keyao Sun;Jun Wang;Rolando Burgos

Review of GaN totem-pole bridgeless PFC

Qingyun Huang;Alex Q. Huang

A new high gain DC-DC converter with model-predictive-control based MPPT technique for photovoltaic systems